Phenotypic diversification by gene silencing in Phytophthora plant pathogens.
Identifieur interne : 001254 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001253; suivant : 001255Phenotypic diversification by gene silencing in Phytophthora plant pathogens.
Auteurs : Ramesh R. Vetukuri [Suède] ; Anna Km Asman [Suède] ; Sultana N. Jahan [Suède] ; Anna O. Avrova [Royaume-Uni] ; Stephen C. Whisson [Royaume-Uni] ; Christina Dixelius [Suède]Source :
- Communicative & integrative biology [ 1942-0889 ] ; 2013.
Abstract
Advances in genome sequencing technologies have enabled generation of unprecedented information on genome content and organization. Eukaryote genomes in particular may contain large populations of transposable elements (TEs) and other repeated sequences. Active TEs can result in insertional mutations, altered transcription levels and ectopic recombination of DNA. The genome of the oomycete plant pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, contains vast numbers of TE sequences. There are also hundreds of predicted disease-promoting effector proteins, predominantly located in TE-rich genomic regions. Expansion of effector gene families is also a genomic signature of related oomycetes such as P. sojae. Deep sequencing of small RNAs (sRNAs) from P. infestans has identified sRNAs derived from all families of transposons, highlighting the importance of RNA silencing for maintaining these genomic invaders in an inactive form. Small RNAs were also identified from specific effector encoding genes, possibly leading to RNA silencing of these genes and variation in pathogenicity and virulence toward plant resistance genes. Similar findings have also recently been made for the distantly related species, P. sojae. Small RNA "hotspots" originating from arrays of amplified gene sequences, or from genes displaying overlapping antisense transcription, were also identified in P. infestans. These findings suggest a major role for RNA silencing processes in the adaptability and diversification of these economically important plant pathogens. Here we review the latest progress and understanding of gene silencing in oomycetes with emphasis on transposable elements and sRNA-associated events.
DOI: 10.4161/cib.25890
PubMed: 24563702
PubMed Central: PMC3917941
Affiliations:
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Eukaryote genomes in particular may contain large populations of transposable elements (TEs) and other repeated sequences. Active TEs can result in insertional mutations, altered transcription levels and ectopic recombination of DNA. The genome of the oomycete plant pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, contains vast numbers of TE sequences. There are also hundreds of predicted disease-promoting effector proteins, predominantly located in TE-rich genomic regions. Expansion of effector gene families is also a genomic signature of related oomycetes such as P. sojae. Deep sequencing of small RNAs (sRNAs) from P. infestans has identified sRNAs derived from all families of transposons, highlighting the importance of RNA silencing for maintaining these genomic invaders in an inactive form. Small RNAs were also identified from specific effector encoding genes, possibly leading to RNA silencing of these genes and variation in pathogenicity and virulence toward plant resistance genes. Similar findings have also recently been made for the distantly related species, P. sojae. Small RNA "hotspots" originating from arrays of amplified gene sequences, or from genes displaying overlapping antisense transcription, were also identified in P. infestans. These findings suggest a major role for RNA silencing processes in the adaptability and diversification of these economically important plant pathogens. Here we review the latest progress and understanding of gene silencing in oomycetes with emphasis on transposable elements and sRNA-associated events. </div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">24563702</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2014</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>24</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>29</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">1942-0889</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>6</Volume><Issue>6</Issue><PubDate><Year>2013</Year><Month>Nov</Month><Day>01</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Communicative & integrative biology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Commun Integr Biol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Phenotypic diversification by gene silencing in Phytophthora plant pathogens.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>e25890</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.4161/cib.25890</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Advances in genome sequencing technologies have enabled generation of unprecedented information on genome content and organization. Eukaryote genomes in particular may contain large populations of transposable elements (TEs) and other repeated sequences. Active TEs can result in insertional mutations, altered transcription levels and ectopic recombination of DNA. The genome of the oomycete plant pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, contains vast numbers of TE sequences. There are also hundreds of predicted disease-promoting effector proteins, predominantly located in TE-rich genomic regions. Expansion of effector gene families is also a genomic signature of related oomycetes such as P. sojae. Deep sequencing of small RNAs (sRNAs) from P. infestans has identified sRNAs derived from all families of transposons, highlighting the importance of RNA silencing for maintaining these genomic invaders in an inactive form. Small RNAs were also identified from specific effector encoding genes, possibly leading to RNA silencing of these genes and variation in pathogenicity and virulence toward plant resistance genes. Similar findings have also recently been made for the distantly related species, P. sojae. Small RNA "hotspots" originating from arrays of amplified gene sequences, or from genes displaying overlapping antisense transcription, were also identified in P. infestans. These findings suggest a major role for RNA silencing processes in the adaptability and diversification of these economically important plant pathogens. Here we review the latest progress and understanding of gene silencing in oomycetes with emphasis on transposable elements and sRNA-associated events. </AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vetukuri</LastName><ForeName>Ramesh R</ForeName><Initials>RR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics; Uppsala BioCenter; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology; Uppsala, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Asman</LastName><ForeName>Anna Km</ForeName><Initials>AK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics; Uppsala BioCenter; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology; Uppsala, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jahan</LastName><ForeName>Sultana N</ForeName><Initials>SN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics; Uppsala BioCenter; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology; Uppsala, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Avrova</LastName><ForeName>Anna O</ForeName><Initials>AO</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cell and Molecular Sciences; The James Hutton Institute; Invergowrie; Dundee, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Whisson</LastName><ForeName>Stephen C</ForeName><Initials>SC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cell and Molecular Sciences; The James Hutton Institute; Invergowrie; Dundee, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dixelius</LastName><ForeName>Christina</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics; Uppsala BioCenter; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology; Uppsala, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2013</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>26</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Commun Integr Biol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101478473</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1942-0889</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Phytophthora</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">effectors</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">oomycete</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">small RNAs</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">transposable element</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate 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HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:24563702" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a PhytophthoraV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.38. |  |